EVIDENCE-BASED PROJECT, PART 2: ADVANCED LEVELS OF CLINICAL INQUIRY AND SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS
Your quest to purchase a new car begins with an identification of the factors important to you. As you conduct a search of cars that rate high on those factors, you collect evidence and try to understand the extent of that evidence. A report that suggests a certain make and model of automobile has high mileage is encouraging. But who produced that report? How valid is it? How was the data collected, and what was the sample size?
In this Assignment, you will delve deeper into clinical inquiry by closely examining your PICO(T) question. You also begin to analyze the evidence you have collected.
RESOURCES
Be sure to review the Learning Resources before completing this activity.
Click the weekly resources link to access the resources.
WEEKLY RESOURCES
Required Readings
Melnyk, B. M., & Fineout-Overholt, E. (2018). Evidence-based practice in nursing & healthcare: A guide to best practice (4th ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Wolters Kluwer.
Chapter 2, Asking Compelling Clinical Questions-(pp. 33-54)
Chapter 3, Finding Relevant Evidence to Answer Clinical Questions(pp. 55-92)
Davies, K. S. (2011) Formulating the evidence based practice question: A review of the frameworksLinks to an external site. for LIS professionals. Evidence Based Library and Information Practice, 6(2), 75-80.
Library of Congress. (n.d.). Search/browse help – Boolean operators and nestingLinks to an external site.. Retrieved September 19, 2018, from https://catalog.loc.gov/vwebv/ui/en_US/htdocs/help/searchBoolean.html
Stillwell, S. B., Fineout-Overholt, E., Melnyk, B. M., & Williamson, K. M. (2010). Evidence-based practice, step by step: Asking the clinical question: A key step in evidence-based practice.Links to an external site. American Journal of Nursing, 110(3), 58–61.
Melnyk, B. M., Fineout-Overholt, E., Stillwell, S. B., & Williamson, K. M. (2009).Evidence-based practice: Step by step: Igniting a spirit of inquiryLinks to an external site..Links to an external site. American Journal of Nursing, 109(11), 49–52. doi:10.1097/01.NAJ.0000363354.53883.58
Stillwell, S.B., Fineout-Overhold, E., Melnyk, B.M., & Williamson, K.M. (2010). Evidence-based practice step-by-step: Searching for evidence.Links to an external site. American Journal of Nursing, 110(5), 41-47.
Walden University Library. (n.d.-a). Databases A-Z: NursingLinks to an external site.. Retrieved September 6, 2019, from https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/az.php?s=19981
Walden University Library. (n.d.-c).Evidence-based practice research: CINAHL search helpLinks to an external site..Retrieved September 6, 2019, from https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/library/healthevidence/cinahlsearchhelp
Walden University Library. (n.d.-d). Evidence-based practice research: Joanna Briggs Institute search helpLinks to an external site.. Retrieved September 6, 2019, from https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/library/healthevidence/jbisearchhelp
Walden University Library. (n.d.-e). Evidence-based practice research: MEDLINE search helpLinks to an external site.. Retrieved September 6, 2019, from https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/library/healthevidence/medlinesearchhelp
Walden University Library. (n.d.-f). Keyword searching: Finding articles on your topic: Boolean termsLinks to an external site.. Retrieved September 19, 2018, from http://academicguides.waldenu.edu/library/keyword/boolean
Walden University Library. (n.d.-g). Keyword searching: Finding articles on your topic:Â Introduction to keyword searchingLinks to an external site.. Retrieved September 19, 2018, from http://academicguides.waldenu.edu/library/keyword/searching-basics
Walden University Library. (n.d.-h). Quick Answers: How do I find a systematic review article related to health, medicine, or nursing?Links to an external site. Retrieved September 6, 2019, from https://academicanswers.waldenu.edu/faq/72670
Walden University Library. (n.d.-i). Systematic review.Links to an external site. Retrieved January 22, 2020, from https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/library/healthevidence/types#s-lg-box-1520654
 To Prepare:
Review the Resources and identify a clinical issue of interest that can form the basis of a clinical inquiry.
Develop a PICO(T) question to address the clinical issue of interest you identified in Module 2 for the Assignment. This PICOT question will remain the same for the entire course.
Use the key words from the PICO(T) question you developed and search at least four different databases in the Walden Library. Identify at least four relevant systematic reviews or other filtered high-level evidence, which includes meta-analyses, critically-appraised topics (evidence syntheses), critically-appraised individual articles (article synopses). The evidence will not necessarily address all the elements of your PICO(T) question, so select the most important concepts to search and find the best evidence available.
Reflect on the process of creating a PICO(T) question and searching for peer-reviewed research.
The Assignment (Evidence-Based Project)
Part 2: Advanced Levels of Clinical Inquiry and Systematic Reviews
Create a 6- to 7-slide PowerPoint presentation in which you do the following:
Identify and briefly describe your chosen clinical issue of interest.
Describe how you developed a PICO(T) question focused on your chosen clinical issue of interest.
Identify the four research databases that you used to conduct your search for the peer-reviewed articles you selected.
Provide APA citations of the four relevant peer-reviewed articles at the systematic-reviews level related to your research question. If there are no systematic review level articles or meta-analysis on your topic, then use the highest level of evidence peer reviewed article.
Describe the levels of evidence in each of the four peer-reviewed articles you selected, including an explanation of the strengths of using systematic reviews for clinical research. Be specific and provide examples.
Walden University, LLC. (Producer). (2018). Searching the Evidence [Video file]. Baltimore, MD: Author. Check youtube for this video.
Evidence-Based Project, Part 1: Identifying Research Methodologies Essay Sample
Evidence-Based Project, Part 1: Identifying Research Methodologies
Nursing research continues to become a critical skill for healthcare practitioners in providing better patient care. After considering the sentiments shared by Hoare and Hoe (2013), Hoe and Hoare (2012), Melnyk and Fineout-Overholt (2018), and Schulich Library McGill (2017) on the types of research studies, this matrix focuses on workplace violence (WPV) against healthcare employees in different capacities. Moreover, it highlights the vitality of prioritizing questions with more consequences or those that occur most frequently. Overall, the matrix worksheet lists four articles on WPV against health workers and analyzes their aims, relevance to the clinical interest issue, research methodologies used, and strengths.
| Full citation of selected article | Article #1 | Article #2 | Article #3 | Article #4 |
| Babiarczyk, B., Turbiarz, A., Tomagová, M., Zeleníková, R., Önler, E., & Sancho Cantus, D. (2020). Reporting of workplace violence towards nurses in 5 European countries. International Journal of Occupational Medicine And Environmental Health. 33(3), 325-338. Doi: 10.13075/ijomeh.1896.01475 | Duan, X., Ni, X., Shi, L., Zhang, L., Ye, Y., Mu, H., & Wang, Y. (2019). The impact of workplace violence on job satisfaction, job burnout, and turnover intention: the mediating role of social support. Health and Quality of Life Outcomes, 17(1), 1-10. Doi: 10.1186/s12955-019-1164-3 | Davey, K., Ravishankar, V., Mehta, N., Ahluwalia, T., Blanchard, J., Smith, J., & Douglass, K. (2020). A qualitative study of workplace violence among healthcare providers in emergency departments in India. International Journal of Emergency Medicine, 13, 1-9. Doi: 10.1186/s12245-020-00290-0 | Antão, H. S., Sacadura-Leite, E., Manzano, M. J., Pinote, S., Relvas, R., Serranheira, F., & Sousa-Uva, A. (2020). Workplace violence in healthcare. Portuguese Medical Act, 33(1), 31-37. Doi: 10.20344/amp.11465 | |
| Why you chose this article and/or how it relates to the clinical issue of interest (include a brief explanation of the ethics of research related to your clinical issue of interest) | This peer-reviewed article was chosen for its relevance to the issue of WPV in healthcare, which is a significant concern for healthcare professionals worldwide. The article examines the occurrence of non-physical and physical WPV experienced by nursing workers in five European countries. In addition, it also identifies motives or explanations for the failure to report such violence. | This peer-reviewed article was chosen for its relevance to the issue of WPV in healthcare, which is a significant concern for healthcare professionals globally in different capacities. The article examines the impact of WPV on satisfaction at work, burnout, and turnover intentions among Chinese physicians and highlights the reconciling role of social support. | This article was chosen because it investigates the consequences of WPV. It focuses on workplace violence against healthcare providers in India’s emergency departments (EDs). The study finds that workplace violence is a frequent reality for Indian ED healthcare providers, with verbal and physical abuse negatively impacting patient care and motivation to work in the ED. The study highlights unique challenges for Indian ED providers, including financial stressors and an overwhelming intensity of WPV originating from the family members of patients and diverse care attendants. | This peer-reviewed article was chosen for its relevance to the issue of WPV in different healthcare environments, which is a significant concern for healthcare professionals worldwide. The article examines the characterization of verbal and physical WPV in a public hospital in Lisbon and the need for tailored occupational health strategies to address the issue. |
| Brief description of the aims of the research of each peer-reviewed article | This research intends to assess the progression of WPV amongst nursing practitioners and identify reasons for not reporting it in five European countries. | This research aims to recognize and classify the occurrence of WPV among physicians in different capacities, assess the connection between exposure to WPV, job satisfaction, burnout at the workplace, and turnover ideation, and verify the interceding role of social support. | This research aims to explore WPV among healthcare providers in emergency departments in India. | This study aims to characterize physical and verbal WPV in a public care facility located in Lisbon and define occupational health surveillance and prevention strategies. |
| Brief description of the research methodology used Be sure to identify if the methodology used was qualitative, quantitative, or a mixed-methods approach. Be specific. | This study adopts a quantitative research design using a survey modified from the WPV in the Health Sector Country Case Study – Questionnaire. The questionnaire is distributed among registered nurses in selected healthcare settings for at least one year in the five participating countries. | This research adopts a cross-sectional research design and a purposive sampling model. Univariate analysis, mediation regression analysis, descriptive analyses, and Pearson correlation are employed to estimate the progression of WPV and its effect on burnout, job satisfaction, and turnover ideation at work. | This study adopts a qualitative research design, including semi-structured interviewing with paramedics, nurses, and physicians in Indian-based EDs. The researchers independently coded interviewing sessions with the participants through the NVivo qualitative research software. Later, a hybrid thematic analysis model was employed to recognize all recurrent and dominant themes in the interviews. | This study adopts a mixed-methods research design, including qualitative interviews and quantitative questionnaires, to assess the incidence of workplace violence, notification rates, and workers’ familiarity with reporting procedures. |
| A brief description of the strengths of each of the research methodologies used, including reliability and validity of how the methodology was applied in each of the peer-reviewed articles you selected. | The strengths of the research methodology used include its large sample size, use of a standardized questionnaire, and statistical analysis to establish prevalence rates and factors associated with not reporting workplace violence. However, the study’s dependence on self-reported information and its cross-sectional study design limits the capacity to establishing generalizability and causality for the garnered data. | The strengths of the research methodology used include its quantitative approach, large sample size, and use of statistical analysis to establish correlations and mediating effects. However, its confidence in self-reported data and cross-sectional design restricts the capability to institute causality and generalizability. | The strengths of the research methodology used in this study include using a qualitative research design, which allows for an in-depth exploration of workplace violence and its impact on healthcare providers and patient care. The study also highlights unique challenges for Indian-based ED workers that vary compared to more developed and advanced setups. However, the sample size in this study is relatively small, and the findings may not be generalizable to other settings. | The strengths of the research methodologies used in this study include using a mixed-methods model, which allows for a more comprehensive understanding of workplace violence. The qualitative interviews provide in-depth insights into workers’ experiences and perceptions, while the quantitative questionnaires offer statistical data on the incidence of WPV and workers’ knowledge of reporting procedures. However, the sample sizes in each phase of the study are relatively small, limiting generalizability, and there is potential for bias in self-reported data. |
| General Notes/Comments |
Overall, the four selected peer-reviewed articles shed light on the issue of WPV among healthcare workers in different settings and countries. They employ dynamic research methodologies, i.e., quantitative, qualitative, and mixed-methods strategies, and identify common themes and challenges associated with WPV. The articles highlight the negative impact of WPV on healthcare workers’ cognitive health, job satisfaction, and patient care. Furthermore, they underscore the need for interventions to prevent and address WPV, including public awareness campaigns, improved reporting procedures, and enhanced security measures. Overall, the findings of these studies emphasize the urgent need for health entities to prioritize the safety and well-being of their staff and patients by taking proactive steps to prevent WPV.
References
Antão, H. S., Sacadura-Leite, E., Manzano, M. J., Pinote, S., Relvas, R., Serranheira, F., & Sousa-Uva, A. (2020). Workplace violence in healthcare. Portuguese Medical Act, 33(1), 31-37. Doi: 10.20344/amp.11465
Babiarczyk, B., Turbiarz, A., Tomagová, M., Zeleníková, R., Önler, E., & Sancho Cantus, D. (2020). Reporting of workplace violence towards nurses in 5 European countries. International Journal of Occupational Medicine And Environmental Health. 33(3), 325-338. Doi: 10.13075/ijomeh.1896.01475
Davey, K., Ravishankar, V., Mehta, N., Ahluwalia, T., Blanchard, J., Smith, J., & Douglass, K. (2020). A qualitative study of workplace violence among healthcare providers in emergency departments in India. International Journal of Emergency Medicine, 13, 1-9. Doi: 10.1186/s12245-020-00290-0
Duan, X., Ni, X., Shi, L., Zhang, L., Ye, Y., Mu, H., & Wang, Y. (2019). The impact of workplace violence on job satisfaction, job burnout, and turnover intention: The mediating role of social support. Health and Quality of Life Outcomes, 17(1), 1-10. Doi: 10.1186/s12955-019-1164-3
Hoare, Z., & Hoe, J. (2013). Understanding quantitative research: Part 2. Nursing Standard, 27(18), 48–55. Doi:10.7748/ns2013.01.27.18.48.c9488
Hoe, J., & Hoare, Z. (2012). Understanding quantitative research: Part 1. Nursing Standard, 27(15), 52–57. Doi:10.7748/ns2012.12.27.15.52.c9485
Melnyk, B. M., & Fineout-Overholt, E. (2018). Evidence-based practice in nursing & healthcare: A guide to best practice (4th ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Wolters Kluwer.
Schulich Library McGill. (2017, June 6). Types of reviews [Video file]. https://youtu.be/5Rv9z7Mp4kg
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